印楝及其开发研究现状
印楝是印度、巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、泰国和缅甸等国的干旱地区乡土树种。本世纪20年代印楝作为干旱地区防治沙漠化树种被引种至非洲等地,60年代德国科学家发现它具有杀虫功能,以至印楝成为当今世界上最受重视的杀虫植物之一。
印楝全身都是"宝",素有"绿色金子"之称。 印楝可提供医药、农药、肥料、饲料、燃料、建筑材料、土壤改良物、化工原料等多种用途。印楝叶和嫩枝经加工后可作为牙膏的添加剂,有洁齿、防蛀之功效,在欧洲国家一直是畅销产品。叶的水提取物有抗菌、抗病毒作用,也可治疗糖尿病。叶的煎汁可治疗溃疡、疮和伤口消毒。把叶与粮食混合,与衣物书籍共存,可防虫蛀。树干是优良的抗白蚁和防蛀木材,可用作雕刻、家具和建筑材料。根含糖、胶、蛋白质及色氨酸,其浸提物对皮肤病及一般虚弱有治疗效果。油渣可作氮肥使用,印楝油可用来照明,取暖,制肥皂,机械润滑油、化妆品、牙膏和药品,并能转化为多元醇用作火箭推动的燃料。它的种子和叶除杀虫、杀菌功能外,还有杀精、抗皮炎、牙周炎、牙龈炎和其它炎症以及强心、利尿和抗结核病等作用,可用于制备避孕、治癌、抗炎、驱虫药物等在美国,用印楝生产的化妆品多达10余种。其精油可供照明和燃料油、车轮润滑。未稀释的纯油有强的杀精子作用,经对罗猴和人体实验,避孕效果达100%,
印度能工巧匠DIPA的科学家已为这种被称作DK-1和DNM-5物质的提取工艺申请了专利,现印度已有印楝避孕药上市。几个世纪以来印楝枯饼一直被用作土壤增肥剂,由于含氮量高,可部分代替氮肥,且含硫量高,有熏蒸消毒土壤作用,对一些土壤害虫有杀虫、驱虫效果。将它施于花圃、菜地,植株生长健壮,抗病虫害能力增强。一些研究证明,用印楝枯饼和有机肥的混合肥比单独使用有机肥能使产量提高一倍。果肉富含碳水化合物和无机养分,可作滋补强壮剂,治疟疾,通便,润肤和驱虫,还可治疗泌尿器官疾病、痔疮和皮肤病,也可供工业发酵用尤其是印楝果实中分离出来的印楝(Azadirachtin)是世界上公认的广谱、高效、低毒、易降解、无残留生物杀虫剂,几乎到所有的农业害虫都具有驱杀作用。大量试验证明,印楝提取物对直翅目、鞘翅目、同翅目、鳞翅目等8目400余种农业、卫生和仓储害虫具有显著的抑制生长发育、拒食、忌避、毒杀、内吸和不育等活性。实验证明,印楝种子含有一百多种活性物质,其中印楝素、印楝必定(Mimbidin)、萨拉宁(salannin)等20几种杀虫活性物质已为人们所认识。据国内外文献报道,这些活性物质对阿米巴、昆虫、线虫、螨、真菌、病菌等有很强的杀伤力。美国、德国、印度和菲律宾先后研制出印楝杀虫剂,并且商品已获注册上市。美国1985年用印楝抽提物制备杀虫剂,德国以树皮提取物生产牙膏等口腔卫生用品。美国农业研究服务部学者Beltsvihe发现,用印楝油浸润苹果,在贮藏过程中腐烂率比对照减少了50%[11]。印楝对天敌影响小,没有明显的植物毒性和脊柱动物毒性,在环境中迅速降解,可再生利用.
印度能工巧匠DIPA的科学家已为这种被称作DK-1和DNM-5物质的提取工艺申请了专利,现印度已有印楝避孕药上市。几个世纪以来印楝枯饼一直被用作土壤增肥剂,由于含氮量高,可部分代替氮肥,且含硫量高,有熏蒸消毒土壤作用,对一些土壤害虫有杀虫、驱虫效果。将它施于花圃、菜地,植株生长健壮,抗病虫害能力增强。一些研究证明,用印楝枯饼和有机肥的混合肥比单独使用有机肥能使产量提高一倍。果肉富含碳水化合物和无机养分,可作滋补强壮剂,治疟疾,通便,润肤和驱虫,还可治疗泌尿器官疾病、痔疮和皮肤病,也可供工业发酵用尤其是印楝果实中分离出来的印楝(Azadirachtin)是世界上公认的广谱、高效、低毒、易降解、无残留生物杀虫剂,几乎到所有的农业害虫都具有驱杀作用。大量试验证明,印楝提取物对直翅目、鞘翅目、同翅目、鳞翅目等8目400余种农业、卫生和仓储害虫具有显著的抑制生长发育、拒食、忌避、毒杀、内吸和不育等活性。实验证明,印楝种子含有一百多种活性物质,其中印楝素、印楝必定(Mimbidin)、萨拉宁(salannin)等20几种杀虫活性物质已为人们所认识。据国内外文献报道,这些活性物质对阿米巴、昆虫、线虫、螨、真菌、病菌等有很强的杀伤力。美国、德国、印度和菲律宾先后研制出印楝杀虫剂,并且商品已获注册上市。美国1985年用印楝抽提物制备杀虫剂,德国以树皮提取物生产牙膏等口腔卫生用品。美国农业研究服务部学者Beltsvihe发现,用印楝油浸润苹果,在贮藏过程中腐烂率比对照减少了50%[11]。印楝对天敌影响小,没有明显的植物毒性和脊柱动物毒性,在环境中迅速降解,可再生利用.
穿心莲(苦草)。90%回缩至正常!肝炎 和螺旋体病人一定要知道。Daun Hempedu bumi。
生姜水,一定要看,太好用了!!Fresh Ginger。Halia.
桑寄生的功效.Rusty-leaf Mistletoe ~ Benefits of(Taxillus sutchuenensis ).Scurrula ferruginea.
上帝赐给人类的避难草.(白茅草)Cogon grass~(Imperata cylindrica)。Manfaat Alang - Alang .
土人参( 栌兰 ) ~功效与作用 . ( Talinum paniculatum ) BENEFITS OF Jewels of Opar。Manfaat GINSENG JAWA.
【水龟草】有高血压,尿酸,肾脏问题的人一定要看。Benefits of Zebrine Pendula.
(生姜)神奇秘方,治水咳,脾胃不好.一步一步做给你看。DIY. Treat flu ,Cold cough. The Making of Ginger Juice.
In the 1920s, Neem trees were introduced to Africa and other places as a desertification control tree species. In the 1960s, German scientists discovered that Neem trees had insecticidal function, and Neem trees became one of the most important insecticidal plants in the world today.Neem can provide various uses in medicine, pesticides, fertilizers, food, fuel, building materials, land modification, chemical raw materials and so on. neem leaves and twigs after processing can be used as a toothpaste additive, has a cleaning effect, cavity,. Leaf water extract has antibacterial and antiviral effects and can also treat diabetes. Decoction leaves can treat ulcers, wounds and disinfection.Neem Leaves lay together with clothing books to prevent insects. Neem trees roots have. root sugar, protein and tryptophan, which have therapeutic effects on skin diseases. neem oils can be used for lighting, heating, soap, lubricating machinery, cosmetics, toothpaste and medicines, and can be converted into polyols as rocket fuel. seeds and leaves of Neem trees can be used as antibacterial, and spermicide, anti-dermatitis, periodontitis effects, gingivitis and other inflammation and heart, diuretic and anti-tuberculosis, etc., it is also anti-cancer, anti-Inflammation , anthelmintic drugs, and others. In the United States, there are more than 10 types of cosmetics produced by Neem trees.oils of Neem can be used for lamps, fuel oils and wheel lubrication.
Unrefined pure oil has a strong spermicidal effect. After experiments on Rhesus monkeys and humans, the contraceptive effect is 100%.For years, dry Neem trees have been used as a fertilizer for soil fertility. Due to its high nitrogen content, it can replace partly nitrogen fertilizer and has high sulfur content, has burned and sterilized the soil. Some studies have shown that it is used with dry and organic Neem trees. Fertilizers can double production rather than using organic fertilizers alone. Neem fruit is rich in carbohydrates and inorganic nutrients and can be used as a nutritious agent and a boost for malarial, laxative, emollient and anthelmintic treatments, as well as urinary diseases, acne and skin diseases.Experiments have shown that Neem seeds contain more than 100 active substances, of which 20 kinds of insecticidal active substances such as Neem, Mimbidin, and Salinin have been known.Experiments have shown that Neem seeds contain more than 100 active substances, of which 20 insecticidal active substances such as Neem, Mimbidin, and Salinin have been known.
The United States, Germany, India and The Philippines has developed Neem pesticides and its products have been registered.Neem leaf is a powerful anti-inflammatory agent. and helps treat redness and pain. It cures skin when boiled with boiling water. It can treat measles and varicella problems.
Unrefined pure oil has a strong spermicidal effect. After experiments on Rhesus monkeys and humans, the contraceptive effect is 100%.For years, dry Neem trees have been used as a fertilizer for soil fertility. Due to its high nitrogen content, it can replace partly nitrogen fertilizer and has high sulfur content, has burned and sterilized the soil. Some studies have shown that it is used with dry and organic Neem trees. Fertilizers can double production rather than using organic fertilizers alone. Neem fruit is rich in carbohydrates and inorganic nutrients and can be used as a nutritious agent and a boost for malarial, laxative, emollient and anthelmintic treatments, as well as urinary diseases, acne and skin diseases.Experiments have shown that Neem seeds contain more than 100 active substances, of which 20 kinds of insecticidal active substances such as Neem, Mimbidin, and Salinin have been known.Experiments have shown that Neem seeds contain more than 100 active substances, of which 20 insecticidal active substances such as Neem, Mimbidin, and Salinin have been known.
The United States, Germany, India and The Philippines has developed Neem pesticides and its products have been registered.Neem leaf is a powerful anti-inflammatory agent. and helps treat redness and pain. It cures skin when boiled with boiling water. It can treat measles and varicella problems.
Fakta mengenai pokok ini
Pokok ini cepat membesar
Hidup di Negara beriklim Tropika dan separa tropika
Namanya di Afrika (Swahili) bermakna ‘pokok 40’ ianya dikatakan boleh menyembuhkan 40 jenis penyakit.
Di India, pokok ini dikenali dengan bermacam macam nama seperti,’Pokok sakti’, ‘Sembuh segala penyakit’, ‘Kedai ubat alam’,’ Ubat untuk segala penyakit’ dll.
Pokok ini tahan kemarau dan boleh hidup ditempat yang kurang air/ kering atau tanah berpasir.
Di India ranting pokok ini dikunyah untuk bersihkan gigi.
Di Senegal pokok ini telah digunakan sebagai ubat malaria dengan berkesan
Di kepulauan Pacifik daun mambu/neem dibuang ke laut, katanya ikan suka bertelur pada daun pokok ini.
Orang orang India tahu macam mana untuk mengatasi racun pokok ini.
Kegunaan sebagai makanan
Bunga di masukkan kedalam masakan kari
Di India, bunga pokok mambu/neem dan gula merah dibuat gula gula.
Pucuk muda dan bunga pokok ini dijadikan sayur di India., Vietnam dan Myammar
Pokok mambu atau Azadirachta indica daripada keluarga Meliaceae. Tumbuhan ini, walaupun biasanya tumbuh liar kadangkala ditanam sebagai pokok teduhan kerana ia senang berkembang.Tepi daunnya bergerigi jelas dan agak tajam. Di bahagian atas daun kelihatan jalinan uratnya lebih jelas dan berwarna sedikit kekuningan. Menurut Pengarah Bahagian Tumbuhan Ubatan FRIM, daun pokok mambu mempunyai beberapa kegunaan dalam perubatan tradisional. Menurutnya daun mambu boleh digunakan untuk merawat bisa pokok jelatang gajah, demam campak dan meredakan demam panas. Daun mambu yang bersifat antiserangga juga boleh digunakan untuk mengelak serangan serangga pada tanaman.
Kaedah penggunan daun mambu untuk menghilangkan rasa gatal kerana demam campak ialah dengan mengambil beberapa helai daun mambu kemudian ditumbuk sehingga lumat. Setelah itu sapulah daun tersebut ke badan pesakit. Bagi mengurangkan demam panas, rebus akar pokok mambu sehingga mendidih, kemudian ditapis bagi mendapatkan air rebusannya. Air tersebut diminum apabila suam. Bagi merawat bisa terkena pokok jelatang gajah, ambil beberapa helai daun pokok mambu yang segar, dibersihkan terlebih dahulu kemudian dikunyah mentah. Rasanya yang berangin seperti pudina bukan sahaja boleh mengurangkan bisa malah boleh menyegarkan mulut.
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